The essay writer: 2020

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Australian electronic tablet industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Australian electronic tablet industry - Essay Example Aside from surveying the requests and needs of purchaser the report will examine the porterÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s five powers regarding the electronic PC industry inside the Australian market. The report will likewise feature on the social contrasts between the two nations dependent on HofstedeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s social measurement model. The key finding of the report is the presence of tremendous interest for tablet pc in Australia and some determining offices have anticipated that the marketing projection will soar in the years to come. List of chapters Table of Contents 3 Threat of new Entrants 5 Economies of Scale 5 Brand Loyalty 5 Capital Requirement 6 Analysis 6 Threat of substitutes items 6 Switching Cost 6 Buyer Loyalty 7 Analysis 7 Bargaining intensity of purchasers 7 Number of clients in the market 8 Availability of Substitutes 8 Analysis 9 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 9 Degree of provider focus 9 Availability of substitute sources of info 9 Analysis 10 Existing Rivalry 10 Industry development r ate 10 Demand for item 10 Analysis 11 Recommendations 11 HofstedeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s social measurement 13 Cultural components of Australia and Germany 13 Difference between two societies 14 Recommendation 14 Conclusion 14 Reference 16 Threat of new Entrants New participants are depicted as the organizations that are by and by not contending inside the given business yet can possibly contend in the business if decides to do as such. Economies of Scale Economies of scale are about the abatement of unit cost of creation when the organization begins to make more. A portion of the sources incorporate a) cost decrease through large scale manufacturing. b) Discount benefited through mass buy. c) Spreading fixed expense of creation over volume of creation. d) Same promotion cost of enormous volume of production.1 Therefore Supernova constrained can go for huge scope creation so as to get a handle on the cost advantage however before taking the choice they can go for a pilot test or test advertising. Brand Loyalty Brand dependability is displayed by purchasers when they are increasingly disposed towards the results of the set up players of the industry.2Companies can make brand devotion by utilizing solid promotions, unrivaled item quality and giving after deals administration. In an ongoing report, it has been seen that Australians don't pays extra for brand names; rather they move towards less expensive brands which offer great incentive for the items. In this manner, Supernova constrained needs to hold the steadfastness by keeping up a fixed degree of cost and furthermore fulfilling the client needs. 1. Gareth Jones and Charles Hill, Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach (US: Cengage Learning, 2009), 44. 2. William M. Pride and O.C. Ferrell, Marketing (US: Cengage Learning, 2011), 400. Capital Requirement Capital prerequisite is the sum required for the expense of creation and considering the way that the firm is another participant in the market, the all out c ost will likewise incorporate the entire set up of the organization to begin its activity. The whole set up will remember producing for the manufacturing plant, crude materials, work charges and all other variable expense. Since the organization doesn't have any limitations in the money related section they can attempt all the necessary tasks. Examination Since the organization

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Teacher Satisfaction and Student Academic Achievement Essay

Instructor Satisfaction and Student Academic Achievement - Essay Example It is a blended report that was led to increase a superior comprehension of the convictions and mentalities of instructors concerning work fulfillment from the perspective of little school region educators. It is an investigation that endeavors to see all the more obviously the variables and corresponding impacts that influence educator work fulfillment, especially with regards to the activity of little schools, staff strength, homegrown and transplanted instructors, instructor quality, and the connection between instructor work fulfillment and understudy accomplishment. There is general accord that little region schools exist in a novel domain when contrasted with the parity of different sorts of schools in state funded training (Anschutz, 1987, Arnold, 2005, Belsie, 2003). Little area schools work working under similar laws and with equivalent desires and objectives as their urban and rural partners, yet missing of a similar amount or nature of help and assets accessible from the school's focal association or the neighborhood network. At last, it stays a school area's obligation to give quality and suitable instruction to the young people of their locale. To achieve this, instructors are the primary vehicles that set the atmosphere, offer support, and convey the educational plans that understudies require, in quest for effectively meeting the desires set by state and government enactment, just as the nearby organization, paying little heed to the working state of the locale. Reliably, the most significant and open assets situated inside a school area are the school personnel. In spite of having educators as an effectively accessible asset, schools regularly do exclude instructors as an asset at the levels wanted or expected by

Friday, August 21, 2020

One-Sitting Reads from Every Genre Fall into Fall Readathon

One-Sitting Reads from Every Genre Fall into Fall Readathon Our Fall into Fall Readathon is sponsored by Swoon Reads â€" publishing the latest and greatest in YA fiction recommended by readers like you. See all the readathon posts here. Youâ€™ve got the power to get books published! Swoon Reads publishes the latest and greatest young adult fiction recommended by readers like you. From heroic epics, to alien adventures, to all-the-feels romanceâ€"if youâ€™re loving it, weâ€™ll publish it. Readers who sign up for Swoon Reads or download the app get unlimited access to the latest and greatest unpublished manuscripts. You can rate, comment on, and share your favorites. Then, Swoon Reads uses your feedback to help decide which get made into real, ink-on-paper books. The best part is itâ€™s all completely free. So, come lit with us! When I sat down to compile this list of one-sitting reads from every genre, I immediately began to panic. How many genres are there? WHAT COUNTS AS A GENRE? I calmed down, picked 30 genres and sub-genres to focus on, and found you a selection of books that are under 300 pagesâ€ according to Goodreads and are all extremely readable. â€ there are two books over 300 pages on the list, and I read each of them in a single sitting. It can be done! A * next to a title denotes that it is part of a series. Nonfiction We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie This 52-page manifesto is taken from Adichies TED Talk on the subject. (Please note that Adichie has made some trans-exclusionary comments about feminism that I do not stand by; however, they do not appear in this text.) Craft This Thing of Paper by Karie Westerman Although this is classified as a knitting pattern book (and it does indeed contain 11 gorgeous knitting patterns), Ive included it because it contains essays about the history of the printed word and its ties to knitting. 141 pages. (Available digitally at Ravelry.com if Amazon is out of stock.) Memoir Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates Written as a letter to his son, Coates attempts to answer the questions: What is it like to inhabit a black body and find a way to live within it? And how can we all honestly reckon with this fraught history and free ourselves from its burden? 152 pages. Classic The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Is a 1970 novel old enough to qualify as a classic? It is when its Toni Morrisons debut and I am writing the list. Pecola Breedlove prays every day to be beautiful, replacing her dark skin and brown eyes with blonde hair and blue eyes. 216 pages. Literary Fiction The Vegetarian by Han Kang Yeong-hye takes control of her destiny by denouncing meat, hoping to purge her mind of brutal dreams. Her husband, sister, and brother-in-law all try to assert their will on her. 188 pages. Gothic Horror We Have Always Lived In The Castle by Shirley Jackson Merricat, Constance, and Uncle Julian have lived in exile since the rest of their family died and Constance was cleared of their murder. Now Cousin Charles is trying to insert himself into their lives. 213 pages. Noir Queenpin by Megan Abbott A young woman bookkeeper finds her way into the Las Vegas mob and under the wing of the infamous Gloria Denton. 180 pages. Decopunk The Night Train* by Evelyn Archer Modesty Brown has a new name, a new identity, a new job as a typist for Jack Wonderly, and is on the way to The City via the Night Train. 58 pages. Middle Grade Contemporary Stef Soto, Taco Queen by Jennifer Torres Seventh grader Stef is embarrassed by Tia Perla, her familys taco truck. But when the city changes the rules for food trucks, she becomes Tia Perlas biggest champion. 176 pages. Middle Grade Fantasy The Gauntlet* by Karuna Riazi Farah and her two closest friends have to enter The Gauntlet of Blood and Sand to play a dangerous game and hopefully rescue her little brother. 298 pages. YA Contemporary Story of a Girl by Sara Zarr This quiet novel tells the story of Deanna, whose life has been defined for three years by the time she got caught having sex with her brothers friend. 192 pages. YA Historical The Pearl Thief* by Elizabeth Wein This prequel to Code Name Verity allows us to see Julie at 15, recovering from a head injury and trying to find a missing family heirloom. 326 pages. YA Fantasy Magonia* by Maria Dahvana Headley Aza is sick, and when she sees a ship in the sky, everyone thinks its a hallucination. But she is sure its real. 309 pages. Historical Fantasy River of Teeth* by Sarah Gailey Hippo-riding cowboy outlaws. A heist. WHAT MORE COULD YOU WANT. 114 pages. Epic Fantasy Throne of the Crescent Moon by Saladin Ahmed A power struggle. A master thief. And a plot for the Throne of the Crescent Moon that threatens to turn the great city of Dhamsawwaat, and the world itself, into a blood-soaked ruin. 285 pages. Portal Fantasy Every Heart a Doorway by Seanan McGuire What happens to the children whove been to other worlds after they come back? Some of them go to Eleanor Wests Home for Wayward Children. 169 pages. Fairytale Tress by Larissa Brown Tess longs to live in a fairytale. But what happens when she finds herself in one? 80 pages. Magical Realism Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel Titas tears were formed in the womb, and her cooking is the way she communicates her love to the man she cannot be withâ€"her sisters husband. 221 pages. Science Fiction Binti* by Nnedi Okorafor Binti is the first of the Himba people ever to be offered a place at Oomza University, but going means leaving her family and traveling to another planet where no one understands her people. 96 pages. Space Opera Nova by Samuel R. Delaney Lorq von Ray assembles a crew to fly through an imploded sun to gather Illyrion, the element needed for space travel. What the crew doesnt know is he is on a quest for revenge. 241 pages. Historical Science Fiction Kindred by Octavia Butler Dana is repeatedly pulled back in time to a slave plantation, where her actions will affect her own future. 287 pages. Dystopian Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro Three adults reunite and look at their shared past in an exclusive boarding school where their special gifts were emphasized. 288 pages. Horror Her Body and Other Parties by Carmen Maria Machado I debated whether to list this under horror or short stories and decided short stories is not a genre. This book is 248 pages packed full of horror stories, and if you dont want to read it in one sitting, the stories would be a great way to break up your other reads. Contemporary Romance Knit One, Girl Two by Shira Glassman At 68 pages, this is one of the shortest books on this list. It is an ADORABLY sweet F/F romance. Contemporary Romance Calling Her Bluff by Kaia Danielle This extremely steamy M/F romance packs a LOT into its 92 pages. YA Romance Boy Meets Boy by David Levithan Boy meets boy, boy messes up, boy tries to win boy back in this M/M young adult romance. 185 pages. Historical Romance Homecoming by Beverly Jenkins This second chance romance between a woman and a soldier in 1883 is set at the holidays for extra swoon factor. 78 pages. Fantasy Romance The Magpie Lord by K.J. Charles A lord in exile returns and hires a magician who hates him to protect him from his familys enemies. Sparks fly in this M/M fantasy romance. 222 pages. Graphic Novel (YA) Nimona by Noelle Stevenson Nimona is the young shapeshifter sidekick to super villain Lord Ballister Blackheart, and together they are going to take down Sir Ambrosius Goldenloin and his buddies at the Institution of Law Enforcement and Heroics. 266 pages. Graphic Novel (MG) Roller Girl by Victoria Jamieson Astrid goes to roller derby camp, where she worries about losing her best friend, making new friends, dyeing her hair without her mother murdering her, and getting to skate as a jammer in the upcoming bout. 240 pages. Whatever genre you choose to read in, the options are tremendous. Happy reading! Also In This Story Stream Fall into Fall Readathon Wrap-up Fall into Fall Readathon Day Five: Read Readthon Giveaway: Kindle Fire Cozy Cookbooks for Fall: Fall into Fall Readathon Fall into Fall Readathon Day Four: Get Thee To the Library Readathon Giveaway: Book Riot Library Prize Pack Comparing Overdrive, Libby, Hoopla, 3M: Fall into Fall Readathon 7 Childhood Faves That Hold Up (And Are At Your Library): Fall into Fall Readathon Fall into Fall Readathon Day Three: Set Up Your Fall Reading Space Readathon Giveaway: Cacoon Chair Tips for Maximum Fall Reading Coziness: Fall into Fall Readathon Cozy Fall Bookish Items: Fall into Fall Readathon Fall into Fall Readathon Day Two: Create Your Fall TBR Readathon Giveaway: 6-Month Membership to Audible View all fallreadathon2018 posts-->

One-Sitting Reads from Every Genre Fall into Fall Readathon

Sunday, May 24, 2020

In This Assignment, I Have The Opportunity To Write A One

In this assignment, I have the opportunity to write a one major paper over the book called Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why you think the way you doÃ¢â‚¬ by Glenn S. Sunshine. It is indicated that this book attempts to help me to develop a Christian perspective on Western Civilization. The two major goals of this paper is the first is to clearly articulate the authorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s main point in the book and in each chapter and then the second is to provide a lots of supporting evidence and details from the chapter. The goal is to demonstrate my mastery of the material. Furthermore this paper, is clearly to state what I believe SunshineÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s main thesis in the book and in each chapter and then articulate the evidence he uses to support that thesis. In the first chapter, what is aÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦In the book, it explained that for the last 2000 years, the Empire has dominated Western ideas about what makes a great civilization and therefore that showed that there is no doubt that Rome was gre at (Sunshine, 2009, p. 19). In the Roman world it was peaceful and successful, for example, with vigorous trade, literature and the arts, efficient government, and the rule of law as the hallmarks of Roman civilization (Sunshine, 2009, p. 20). However, the Roman were largely factored by the products of slave labor. In the book, it explained that slaves themselves came from people who had become so impoverished that the only thing they could do was to sell themselves or their children to pay their dates or from prisoners of war or rebels against Roman rule (Sunshine, 2009, p. 20). Furthermore, the roman had a dark side that was influence and controlled by the highest level of society. The third chapter, Christianity and transformation of the pagan world main point is about in AD 303 when the Roman emperor Diocletian began a sever persecution of an unpopular religious minority in the Empire, especially on Christians (Sunshine, 2009, p. 35). It is indicated in the book, that Ã¢â‚¬Å"early Christians were like the Jews, but unlike mainstream Jews, Christians also had a missionary zeal to bring the message of Ã¢â‚¬Å"salvation through Jesus ChristÃ¢â‚¬ to the entire worldÃ¢â‚¬ (Sunshine, 2009, p. 39). However,Show MoreRelatedWhat Questions Do You Have About The Assignments?766 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesquestions do you have about the assignments in Units 1Ã¢â‚¬â€œ4? The Unit 1 assignments were challenging mostly the Intellipath course. My two most challenging nodes were Formulating Business and Corporate Strategies and Competitive Advantage. I plan to go back and revise these and a few other areas to improve my understanding and score. The Unit 2 assignments are valuable and offer an opportunity to explore concerns in the discussion board with other students. Also the discussion gives an opportunity to plan aRead MoreSelf Reflection Essay984 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesfinal assignment is a self-reflection essay on what you learned during the semester in ENG 111. There were three other essay assignments. The first one was called a literacy narrative, the second one, a single source essay, and the third one, a multi-source essay. But how can I write about things I do not understand? I had never taken an online class before, much less, a class that required so much reading and writing. This is a college level course and I am just a junior in high school . I was cluelessRead MoreThe Is For Absent By Chris Piper880 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesPiper writes about his experience with what he considers an unfair attendance policy. He did well on tests and projects, however, due to his numerous absences he received a low final grade. He writes that unlike in a job, where attendance is mandatory, in college itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s a choice of a paying student. Piper also writes that when standardized test scores are evaluated, attendance of preparatory courses is not considered towards those scores. He urges instructors to put aside the reasons they have for implementingRead MoreHow I Became a Masterful Writer Essay815 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesanother level. I have learned how to successfully attack time management issues head on and how to research effectively. My ability to present information in a logical and organized fashion has reached new heights and my punctuation has become much better. I have improved upon areas that I was already competent in while addressing the weaker aspects of my writing. This class has been an invaluable learning experience that granted me many opportunities to become a masterful writer. One of those opportunitiesRead MoreReflection On Self Evaluation / Reflections1612 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesReflections Every one has their subjects that they love and hate, and for it was defiantly writing. Writing is something I dreaded for a long time; I developed my hatred towards writing since probably elementary school. I hate writing when IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢m expected to put a spin on a subject that just doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t work for me, personally. There are many times when I have papers due and sometimes I feel like I have nothing to say towards the topic. I could write a paragraph but to continuously write paragraphs afterRead MoreThe Reflection Of Ivy As A Writer1001 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesWriter As a writer, I develop more every time I step foot into the classroom. Over the years of learning how to write, I was not always confident. In fact, as of this current year of 2015 I am the most confident as a writer than I have ever been. This year I began college, where I am taking English 1101 with Professor Ricky Weaver. I have learned many different writing strategies in this class, ways to brainstorm, grammar rules, tips to avoid writers block, and so much more. Although I will continue toRead MoreGraduation Speech On The State Exams1460 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagesof the curriculum. The writing assignments have gone from simple, one- line sentences describing a picture to a simple, 3- paragraph persuasive essay on the state exams in high school; all the way to a 25 page comprehensive research essay during my freshman year at East Stroudsburg University. As the years and assignments progressed, I developed a set of writing weakness and strengths that still shape the way I write today . Additionally, I have had many opportunities to experience the different stylesRead MoreThe Importance Of Poetry In Poetry761 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesAt first I was a little concern about writing poetry in English since I did not have any experience on it, but at the same time, I was very excited to start composing poems because I have a deep respect and affection for poets in general. I have always been a fanatic of authors such as Gabriela Mistral, and Pablo Neruda. Poetry portrays powerful feelings and images into words, capturing minimum details and converting them in the most beautiful verse, poetry is an art by means of words, the word itselfRead MoreMy Journey : My Educational Journey973 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesMy Journey I began my journey of writing on May 7, 2017 when I began taking English 1301 at Texas State Technical College. When entering the course, I did not feel that the course was relevant to complete my educational journey. Writing was not one of my strongest points, so this journey was a difficult one. During the course I learned how to better prepare myself for writing and composing assignments, how to construct an outline, proper sentence structure, and punctuation. I feel this journey willRead MoreMy Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Foreign Environment That Is College971 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesthe foreign environment that is college, I didn t know what to expect when it came to beginning WRD 103. The various assignments that were asked to be produced exceptionally strengthened my overall writing abilities. The idea of writing creatively within narratives and analyzing different stories or commercials expanded the way can express my multi-modal writing. My skills within all of these ar eas are still under progress, but with the constant practice, I am confident that these skills will continue

Thursday, May 14, 2020

The Importance Of A Recent Declaration Of Australia

A recent declaration has been made in June of 2015, by the G7 nation leaders in favour of supporting the decarbonisation of the global economy by the end of the turning century. The leaders of these top 7 industrial countries have put forward the common goal of working towards a zero-carbon based global economy, which is said to eventually benefit the global society as a whole. The question brought up in this situation is as stands, how will changing to a decarbonized economy affect the way the world works and more specifically how it will affect the top fossil fuel producing countries like Australia who rely heavily on these resources to build a strong economy for their nation. Australia is one the largest fossil fuel suppliers,Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦There was a 17-page communiquÃƒ ©, which was issued after the initial summit at Schloss Elmau under the title of Ã¢â‚¬Å"Think Ahead, Act TogetherÃ¢â‚¬ (Connolly 2015). This was to confirm the G7 leaders support towards the rec ommendations placed before them by the IPCC and the UNsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ Climate Change Panel to reduce the global greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 to 70 percent by the year 2050 (given that 2010 was the starting year of the initiative) (Connolly 2015). Decarbonising the economy will consist of reducing and further along completely removing the use of carbon and the production of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuel based energy sources (Jeffrey Sachs 2014). This minimizes the release of harmful greenhouse gas emissions into the environmental biosphere. In the current time there has been three different pillars identified in the deep decarbonisation scheme (Jotzo Skarbek 2014). The first of the three being a shift into a lower carbon based electricity production solution by using a mix of wind, solar, hydro and nuclear energy predominantly with limited use placed on fossil fuels. The second consists of using electricity produced from a low-carbon supply to power personal vehicles, buildings and select few industrial processes. Finally energy efficiency can be maximized through the modification and improvement of building designs to greatly reduce the need for external energy for basic requirements such as cooling, heatingShow Mo reRelatedThe Issue Of Turning Back The Boat People1638 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagesthe most important and grossing issues from recent decades and Govt. of Australia has taken an undeniably secure stand on the issue of refugees who endeavour to land in Australia by watercraft (Hasmath McKenzie 2013). Some people says government should consider the needs of people coming by boat as they have reached here after risking their lives and facing a lot of difficulties but some says that these people donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t have any right to live in Australia as they came here with an illegal way. PeopleRead MoreAsylum Seekers Essay999 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesdiplomacyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ (Capling 2008: 613). HowardÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s rhetoric after election in 1997, moved away from LabourÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s enthusiastic engagement with Asia, and towards a perception of an Australia less interdependent with Asia, emphasizing Western liberal democratic ties (Jones and Benvenuti 2006: 111). East Timor had reinforced the Indonesian perception that Australia had an arrogant neo-colonial foreign policy (Day 2015: 675). Yet, the burgeoning democracy following the fall of Suharto in 1999 gave the opportunity for betterRead MoreBlood Shortage And Fda Policy Limitations Essay1448 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesBlood Shortage and FDA Policy Limitations Our nation has a major blood shortage which results in a national health crisis. States all over the nation are reporting the need for blood donors and the importance of having donors to help those who are directly affected. There has been a recent rise in shortage due to the increased demand of high complex surgeries which require a large supply of blood. McMillan reports, Ã¢â‚¬Å"just one liver transplant can take 120 units of donated bloodÃ¢â‚¬ (Zabarenko, 2016)Read More Thinking and Enquiry Skills in Global Education Essay1131 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesTo examine and explore what is global citizenship? This essay will look at the importance of becoming a global citizenship, the role we, as educators play in this development and how the curriculum frameworks and associated learning emphases for global education assist in the development of a global citizen. What is global education? Ã¢â‚¬Å"Global citizenship would seem a recent concept, but its origin can be traced back to at least 4th century Greece when Diogenes declared himself a cosmopolitan Ã¢â‚¬â€œRead More2.1 Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneur And Enterprise Skills.1336 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagesfound to be a powerful predictor of long term job success and consist of problem solving, communication, teamwork, digital literacy, financial literacy, creativity, critical thinking and presentation skills (FYA, 2016). 2.2 Importance of Entrepreneurship Education The importance of the role of EE and enterprise skills is highlighted in both European and global development views (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2015). While a strong emphasis on economic success and jobRead MoreGlobal Resource And Food Scarcity1577 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesNations Peoples of the world. Reflecting the struggles of peasant farmers and First Nations Peoples, the La Via Campesina movement attended the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva in 2014 to advocate for the drafting of the Ã¢â‚¬ËœInternational Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and People Working in Rural AreasÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. There are inherent social justice issues when agrarian communities and First Nations Peoples are providing the majority of the global food production and protecting biodiversity resourcesRead MoreThe Church And Its Impact On The Environment1509 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagessaying on Easter Sunday of 2013, Ã¢â‚¬Å"let us beÃ¢â‚¬ ¦ channels through which God ca n water the earth, protect all creation and make justice and peace flourishÃ¢â‚¬ (2013, as cited by Dorr, 2014). Ecology has, therefore, long been an issue of concern and great importance to the papacy, and does not go ignored by other members of the Church. Representatives of the Catholic Church all over the world have actively supported ecology for decades. In a statement released by the United States Catholic Conference of BishopsRead MoreAnalysis Of New Zealand920 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesimprove service trade (New Zealand Government). Even though currently, their trade agreements are stable, there have been bumps in the road. Trade disputes can be seen in Indonesia with imports of animal products, Canada and their wine production, Australia with tobacco packaging and the United States with tuna (New Zealand Government). The reason for most of these restrictions/disputes is an attempt to protect their economy. If consumers were buying exported agricultural products and wine (their majorRead MoreEssay on Independence Issue in Hih Case2665 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 11 PagesIntroduction: This essay discusses about the corporate collapses in the new millennium. In recent years the Australian corporate sector has witnessed the failure of number of corporations, including HIH Insurance, Harris Scarf, One. Tel, Ansctt Australia. This paper focuses on the financial audit of HIH insurance, which collapsed on 15th March 2001. This was the largest failure in Australian business history. Royal commission was appointed investigate re-issue of HIH Insurance collapsed with debtRead MoreNon-Market Strategy for Big Pharma Companies as a Response to IndiaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Protectionist and Discriminatory Policies1563 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesLeading Pharmaceutical companies have, in recent times, been alarmed by the some adverse regulatory rulings in India. First in a landmark decision in March 2012, the Indian Patent Office allowed a domestic company (Natco Pharma Ltd.) to sell a generic version of Bayer AGs cancer drug Ã¢â‚¬ËœNexavarÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ on the grounds that the German companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s drug not affordable to the local populace due to cost reasons. Then in March 2013, the Honorable Supreme Court of India denied patent protection to NovartisÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s blockbuster

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

FedEx VALUE CREATION AND ECONOMIC PROFIT United Parcel...

MEIHO UNIVERSITY CASE STUDY FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASE 4: The Battle for Value, 2004: FedEx Corp. vs. United Parcel Service, Inc. VALUE CREATION AND ECONOMIC PROFIT Lecture: Ã© ¾ Ã§ ´ ¹ Ã§â€ â„¢ Ã¨â‚¬ Ã¥ ¸ « Group 3: F49802134 Ã¨Æ' ¡ Ã§ §â€¹ Ã¨ â€° F49802153 Ã© «Ëœ Ã§Å½â€° Ã¤ º « Ã§ ® ® Presentation date: 16th Apr 2012 I. OUTLOOK OF CASE 4 Case 4 mentions about the competition between two leading companies in package- delivery market. FedEx which is the largest foreign presence in China, with 11 weekly flights, serving 220 Chinese cities, so the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s volumes in China had grown by more than 50% between 2003 and 2004. UPS which is the worldÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s largest package-delivery company and dominant parcel carrier in US, serving 200 cities in 2003. FedEx hadÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ever true to its humble origins, the company maintains its reputation for integrity, reliability, employee ownership, and customer service. For UPS, the future promises even more accomplishments as the next chapter in the company s history is written. III. THE BATTLE BETWEEN FEDEX AND UPS 1. Competition in the Express-Delivery Market a. Percentage of large shippers FEDEX RULES AIRS AND UPS RULES GROUND (%) Overall, the two companies split the small segment of the Express-Delivery market. There are ground market and air-express market. While UPS has dominated the ground area, the air-express has often been FedExÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s playground. b. Capital-investment expenditures The graph shows that from 1992 to 2003, cumulative capital Expenditures of FedEx and UPS regularly rise. Although the FedExÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s CCE is more than UPS, during this period, the two companies matched each otherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s investments in capital almost exactly. c. Price competition Table1: Summary of Announced List-Rate Increase UPS 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Average UPS ground 3.6% 2.5% 3.1% 3.1% 3.5% 3.9% 1.9% 3.1% U.S domestic air 3.3% 2.5% 3.5% 3.7% 4.0% 3.2% 2.9% 3.3% U.S export 0.0% 0.0% 2.9% 2.9% 3.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.2% FedEx 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Average FedEx ground 3.6% 2.5% 3.1% 3.1% 3.5% 3.9% 1.9% 3.1% U.S domestic air 3.5% 2.8% 0.0%Show MoreRelatedUnited States Post Office Dilemma5655 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 23 PagesÃ¯ » ¿ United States Post Office Dilemma Sustainable Solutions Paper The Post Office Department known as the United States Postal Services (USPS) (Annual Report, 2009) today, is a dominate player in the mail delivery arena and has been existence since 1776. The Post Office was originally a governmental agency, but due to mismanagement by Congress, was reorganized in 1971 and no longer a part of the presidential cabinet; but became an independent establishment of the executive branchRead MoreInvestment and Economic Moats46074 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 185 PagesWEALTH ffirs.indd i 2/1/08 12:55:36 PM Little Book Big Profits Series In the Little Book Big Profits series, the brightest icons in the financial world write on topics that range from tried-and-true investment strategies to tomorrowÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s new trends. Each book offers a unique perspective on investing, allowing the reader to pick and choose from the very best in investment advice today. Books in the Little Book Big Profits series include: The Little Book That Beats the Market, where JoelRead MoreMarketing and Financial Markets41809 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 168 PagesConsumer Buying Behavior 192 8. Business Markets and Buying Behavior 222 9. Reaching Global Markets 244 Part 5: Product decisions 279 10. 11. 12. 13. Product Concepts 280 developing and Managing Products 304 Branding and Packaging 326 Services Marketing 354 Part 6: distribution decisions 385 14. Marketing Channels and Supply-Chain Management 386 15. Retailing, direct Marketing, and Wholesaling 422 Part 7: Promotion decisions 457 16. integrated Marketing Communications 458 17Read MoreBa 462 6-1011372 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 46 Pagesor should be troubled businesses which will create above-average returns only after restructuringd. whether to integrate backward or forward. | b. what product markets and businesses the firm should be in (p.158) | The ultimate test of the value of a corporate-level strategy is whether theÃ‚ a. corporation earns a great deal of money.b. top management team is satisfied with the corporation s performance.c. businesses in the portfolio are worth more under the management of the company in questionRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Supply Chain to Value Chain8966 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 36 Pages387 From supply chains to value chains: A spotlight on CSR Malika Bhandarkar and Tarcisio Alvarez-Rivero* 1. Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR)1 has become a hot topic in boardrooms across the world. Changes in corporate value systems are being driven by pressures from different actors, including governments, consumers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and institutional investors (diagram 1). Multinational corporations (MNCs) have operations spread across the globe, relyingRead MoreManagement Course: MbaÃ¢Ë†â€™10 General Management215330 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 862 PagesFourth Edition JonesÃ¢Ë†â€™George Driving Shareholder Value MorinÃ¢Ë†â€™Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition HughesÃ¢Ë†â€™GinnettÃ¢Ë†â€™Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition ReedÃ¢Ë†â€™Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright Ã‚ ©2005 by The McGrawÃ¢Ë†â€™Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of thisRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 1573 PagesYork San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: JudyRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 522 PagesMarketing Communication Advertising management Sales promotion Personal selling Public relations Understanding individual consumer behaviour Understanding industrial consumer behaviour Customer satisfaction Customer relationship management Marketing of services Rural marketing Types of marketing research Process of marketing research Tools and Techniques of marketing research Applications of marketing research Preparation of marketing research report Online marketing E-commerce Trends in marketing PageRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 99 Pagesvs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrongRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 534 Pagesincluding photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, must be arranged with the individual copyright holders noted. This special edition published in cooperation with Pearson Custom Publishing. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustom.com ISBN 0Ã¢â‚¬â€œ536Ã¢â‚¬â€œ72690Ã¢â‚¬â€œ6 BA 996748 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING 75 Arlington Street, Suite 300 Boston, MA 02116 A Pearson Education Company iii iv Table

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Global Nutrition and Food Security-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Global Nutrition and Food Secruity. Answer: Introduction Iron deficiency anemia has been a major public health problem that India has been trying to overcome for several years. Several schemes to tackle the problem have not yielded the desired results. The disease burden due to early deaths, poor health and poor cognitive development among children has incurred major economic losses for families and the country. The statistics of affected populations among children, adolescent and expectant and lactating mothers are staggering. There is plenty of information on the choice of foods that can reduce the malady of anemia but food supplementation is the way forward. Fortified foods are expensive and out of reach of most affected people who mainly have a low socio economic status. Discrimination against girls and women is a social problem and their nutrition is a low priority in most homes. The government of India has launched several programs to find and deliver solutions to the affected. The National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Program and the National Iron+ Initiative are two important programs that are being run by the government. Disease burden etiology and epidemiology The disease burden due to Iron deficiency anemia in India is huge. There is burden due to lost years of life when infants and young children die prematurely. Poor quality of life results when children fall sick repeatedly and their cognitive development remains impaired. The two kinds of losses are termed as disability adjusted life years. Even as adults the children whose cognitive development remains impaired remain low in terms of productivity because they can only get low income work leading to monetary losses throughout their lives. The effect of the environments in which children from low socio economic backgrounds grow up is substantial. Children in urban households suffer more due to IDA because they live in highly unsanitary conditions and they are exposed to the risk of infectious diseases. Besides the children with IDA living in rural areas are more likely to get the benefit of social programs directed at them (Plessow, et al., 2015). The severity of anemia as described by the World Health Organisation, is mild when the hemoglobin level is less than 110g/l for children below five years of age, below100g/l level of hemoglobin is moderate and those with hemoglobin less than 70g/l are said to be severely anemic (WHO, 2011). In young infants the prevalence of IDA is rather high at 49.5%, in the 24-59 months age-group, IDA is 39.9%. Moderate and severe anemia is higher in children below two years of age (Plessow, et al., 2015). 60-70% of adolescent girls are reported to be suffering from anemia. In a study on a group of 840 village girls aged between 10 and 19 years, 41.6% of the girls were reported to be anemic. About 34.6% girls were mildly anemic while 6.3% were moderately anemic (Biradar, Biradar, Alatagi, Wantamutte, Malur, 2012). The poor bioavailability of iron in vegetarian diets has been a major cause(Alvarez-Uria, Naik, Midde, Yalla, Pakam, 2014). Iron deficiency anemia has been recognized as a mounting public health concern in India. The 20% maternal deaths are solely caused by anemia, another 50% maternal deaths are also indirectly related to anemia. Preventive and curative government schemes to address the problems associated with anemia were started as early as 1970, but even after 47 years later, with several modifications to the problem, answers are still being sought. The strain on the economy due to IDA is substantial. A multipronged approach is required to tackle the issue because several societal factors compound the problem. Multiple pregnancies followed by lactation, poor iron reserves at the time of birth, delayed introduction of complementary food, high frequency of infectious diseases among children and blood loss of a higher degree during child birth increase the incidence of anemia among Indian women and children (Anand, Rahi, Sharma, Ingle, 2014). Improvements in iron status of children are hard to achieve d ue to the problem of worm infestation (Lokeshwar, Mehta, Mehta, Shelke, Babar, 2011). Sources of food rich in Iron Food supplements and fortified food are often used to treat anemia. But the consumption of foods rich in iron not only remedies anemia but also prevents chances in high risk individuals. And do not have associated discomfort of abdominal pain and diaorrhoea. The best source of non-heme iron are dark green leafy vegetables, such as, spinach and kale, seeds, nuts and whole grains. The bioavailability or increased absorption of iron from these sources can be enhanced in the presence of ascorbic acid and muscle protein tissue that reduce the ferric ions to ferrous ions to facilitate the absorption (Abbaspour, 2014). When a person suffers from an iron deficiency the uptake of iron increases about 10-fold. Legume seeds, such as, soybean, lentils, chick peas and lupine are very rich in iron in comparison to cereals, such as wheat and rice (Zieli?ska-Dawidziak, 2015). Subsidized iron fortified infant food formulations provide an answer to iron deficiency anemia in infant, but the additional costs may prove it difficult even for urban populations to buy the products (Plessow, Arora, Brunner, Wieser, 2016). Non-vegetarian sources of iron include meat, poultry and fish. An increased consumption of fruits and vegetables helps in the absorption of iron while consumption of tea and coffee reduces absorption(Zijp, Korver, Tijburg, 2000). The presence of phytic acid in food can slow the absorption. And cereals consumed in India are high in phytate content, further adding to the problem of low bioavailability of iron (Kalasuramath, Kurpad, Thankachan, 2013). Germination and fermentation of food promotes the absorption of iron because the enzymes involved in degradation of phytic acid, the phytases are produced (Gupta, 2015). So it can help to consume sprouts and fermented foods. So along with consumption of foods rich in iron, the combination of foods that enhance absorption of iron is also important in alleviating anemia. The recommended daily intake of iron varies from 8-18 mg per day and varies according to age, gender and whether a woman is pregnant or lactating (Lim, 2013). Promoting consumption of indigenous foods rich in iron is important. The high iron content in the leaves of Amaranthus gangeticus, Trianthema monogyna and Ipomea batata in the range of 3.49 to a staggering 38.5 mg/100mg makes these a good option for tackling the problem of nutritional deficiency of iron (Ghosh-Jerath, 2015). Determinants of Iron deficiency In India The reasons why nutritional deficiencies of Iron and other nutrients occur among Indians are many. The major factor remains gender issues. The girl child is usually deprived of nutrition and food. The public distribution system does not function optimally, target groups are poverty stricken. The reasons why nutrition programs in India fail have reasons that are historical, behavioural, related to governance issues, economic factors and the epidemiology also plays a role. Discriminination against the girl child is rampant and leads to poor nutrition. India's adolescent girls fare badly in the area of nutrition. Poor nutrition continues through adulthood and maternal health is ridden with anemia that causes iron deficiency in infanthood and early childhood. Several times a raise in household income is directed towards purchase of consumer goods, such as mobile phones and televisions rather than food. Undernourishment among adult women is evident due to the fact that a third of the coun try's women have low BMI (Aswathy, 2015). Disparities in the public distribution system based on wealth and ethnicity have made most of the nutritional supplementation programs addressing deficiency of iron unsuccessful (Pasricha, et al., 2011). Agricultural growth in India has not resulted in reduction of infant malnourishment due to the fact that the growth has not focussed on making affordable food available to every household. This may have something to do with the choice of crops and the fact that agricultural growth has not been sensitive to the nutritional requirements of the population. Economic growth has been unequal and governance has fallen short of the demands in the area of food production and distribution. Major shortcomings in food storage have resulted in loss of crucial nutritional resources. Food security may have been achieved in the sense that the country is not dependent on food imports but the ability to buy the food has not reached the poorest sections of the population and growth has remained unsustainable(FAO, 2015). Severe shortcomings in social equity remain and the purchasing power of food has remained inequitable. National programs for provision of nutrition supplements that contain iron for treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia have been part of the strategy to reduce anemia among the Indian population. Two such programs that are currently being run by the government of India are, the National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Program and the National Iron + Initiative. National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Program The program was launched at the national level in 1970 and its objective was to prevent anemia in children and expectant and lactating mothers. In the beginning an iron tablet (60 mg iron) with folic acid (500 mcg) was given, later the dosage of iron was revised to 100 mg of elementary iron. Preference was given to mothers who opted for the program on family planning. All children between the ages of one year and five years received a d tablet containing 60 mg of iron and 100 mcg of folic acid. The challenges in the implementation of nutritional supplements are several and need periodic reviews. Promotional and educational resources targeted at school -age children and their families can help to spread awareness about regular intake of foods containing iron and foods that increase absorption of iron are important steps in reaching the goal of removing the nutritional deficiency of iron in the vulnerable sections of the population (rfhha). The program is implemented through the Primar y Health Centres. Public health initiatives based on distribution of supplements and fortified foods have reduced the incidence of anemia in other countries, but success has been elusive in India (Shet, et al., 2015). Problems have been identified in the procurement and the distribution of the iron and folate supplements. The support system of health workers in rural areas is inadequate. Unfounded beliefs about having larger babies, fear of side effects on taking iron supplements, such as constipation and inadequate supply of iron hamper continuity of programs that address prevention of anemia among women and children. Reduction of knowledge gaps by disseminating information about the importance of adherence to consumption of iron supplements by mothers can improve the rate of cure and prevention of anemia(Pasricha, et al., 2011). The National Iron + Initiative This initiative was started by the government of India in 2013 with the objectives of highlighting the serious impact of anemia on the physical and mental health of the affected individuals, developing effective methods of iron and folic acid supplementation across the life cycle (preventive measures), to devise a strategy for cure of mild, moderate or acute anemia (curative measures) and to identify platforms for delivery of the supplementation services and define the role of service providers. This program is based on the concept of continuum of care and includes expectant and lactating mothers, children between the ages of 6 months to 60 months with the addition of few more age-groups. The program includes a bi-weekly iron supplement for children between 5 months and 60 months of age and once a week supplements for children studying in grades 1 through 5 at government funded or government schools. Adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age are also given weekly supplements as part of the initiative. Communication is recommended in such a way that it stays in the memory of the target groups, use of catch phrases and slogans is promoted. The Accredited social health activists and Auxiliary nurse midwives have been given training to give iron supplements as therapy when they encounter individuals with iron deficiency anemia (Aswathy, 2015). Educational interventions that communicate how to introduce complimentary feeding has been found effective in dealing with infant malnutrition in several developing countries (Shi Zhang, 2011). There is a need to deliver information in a culturally sensitive manner. Community videos have been used successfully to disseminate nutrition related information in the language of the people through a format of dialogue and discussion rather than an expert delivering information. This can ensure meaningful engagement of the people in rural areas (Koniz-Booher, Upadhyay, Beall, Swain, Lamstein, 2013). Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that although the public health problem is well understood by all the stakeholders, a solution appears to be elusive. The disease burden is adding to the strain in the economy due to disability adjusted life years. The etiology of the anemia is such that a person suffering from the disease feels tired and cognitive development of children is affected which is not reversible. With 49.5% of infants suffering from anemia, the problem is massive. Since it is a nutritional deficiency, iron can be given to the affected in the form of food, iron supplements with folic acid for better absorption. Consumption of fortified food can help alleviate the deficiency but it is relatively expensive. Several determinants have made the problem of anemia insurmountable in India. The socio economically deprived people from rural and urban India find it difficult to consume enough food. Discrimination against women and the girl child have meant that the nutritional status of wom en has remained poor. Agricultural growth has occurred but it has failed to make food affordable for the poverty stricken sections. The government recognized the problem of iron deficiency and launched a nationwide program, the National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Program and the National Iron + Initiative. Both programs involve dispensing of iron supplements in the recommended dosage for children and adults. But compliance has been low and there are problems in distribution and supply mechanisms. Community programs to spread awareness in a culturally appropriate manner are being run. The identification of the shortcomings should help to solve this huge problem in the not so distant future References Abbaspour, N. H. (2014). Review on iron and its importance for human health. . Journal of Research in Medical Sciences?: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 19(2), 164174. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999603/. Alvarez-Uria, G., Naik, P., Midde, M., Yalla, P., Pakam, R. (2014). Prevalence and severity of anaemia stratified by age and gender in rural India. Anemia, 2014:176182. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/anemia/2014/176182/ Anand, T., Rahi, M., Sharma, P., Ingle, G. (2014). Issues in prevention of iron deficiency anemia in India. Nutrition, 30(7-8):764-70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24984990 Arlappa, N., Balakrishna, N., Laxmaiah, A., Brahmam, G. (2010). Prevalence of anaemia among rural pre-school children of West Bengal, India. Annals of Human Biology, 37(2):231-42. Aswathy, S. (2015). An overview of the development and status of national nutritional programs in India. Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals, 4(1):5-13 . https://www.jmnn.org/article.asp?issn=2278-1870;year=2015;volume=4;issue=1;spage=5;epage=13;aulast=Sreedevi Biradar, S., Biradar, S., Alatagi, A., Wantamutte, A., Malur, P. (2012). Prevalence of Anaemia among Adolescent Girls: A One Year Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 6(3):372-377. https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2064/3852_E(C)_F(T)_PF(V)_PFA(A)_P(_).pdf FAO. (2015). /a-i4624e.pdf. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org: https://www.fao.org/3/a-i4624e.pdf Ghosh-Jerath, S. S. (2015). Traditional Knowledge and Nutritive Value of Indigenous Foods in the Oraon Tribal Community of Jharkhand: An Exploratory Cross-sectional Study. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 54(5), 493519. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2015.1017758. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4714238/ Gupta, R. K. (2015). Reduction of phytic acid and enhancement of bioavailable micronutrients in food grains. Journal of food science and technology, 52(2), 676684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-0978-y. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25694676 Kalasuramath, S., Kurpad, A. V., Thankachan, P. (2013). Effect of iron status on iron absorption in different habitual meals in young south Indian women. The Indian Journal of Medical Research , 137(2): 324330. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3657856/ Koniz-Booher, P., Upadhyay, A., Beall, K., Swain, T., Lamstein, S. (2013, September 15-20). /iuns_dg_overview_final_tagged.pdf. Retrieved from https://www.spring-nutrition.org: https://www.spring-nutrition.org/sites/default/files/events/posters/iuns_dg_overview_final_tagged.pdf Lim, K. H.-G. (2013). Lim, K. H. C., Riddell, L. J., Nowson, C. A., Booth, A. O., Szymlek-Gay, E. A. Iron and Zinc Nutrition in the Economically-Developed World: A Review. Nutrients, 5(8), 31843211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5083184. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775249/ Lokeshwar, M., Mehta, M., Mehta, N., Shelke, P., Babar, N. (2011). Prevention of iron deficiency anemia (IDA): how far have we reached? Indian Journal of Paediatrics, 78(5):593-602. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12098-010-0130-1 Pasricha, S., Biggs, B., Prashanth, N., Sudarshan, H., Moodie, R., Black, J., Shet, A. (2011). Factors influencing receipt of iron supplementation by young children and their mothers in rural India: local and national cross-sectional studies. BMC Public Health, 11:617. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-617. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3171369/ Plessow, R., Arora, N., Brunner, B., Wieser, S. (2016). Cost-Effectiveness of Price Subsidies on Fortified Packaged Infant Cereals in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia in 6-23-Month-Old-Children in Urban India. PLoS One, 11(4):e0152800. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152800 Plessow, R., Arora, N., Brunner, B., Tzogiou, C., Eichler, K., U, B., Wieser, S. (2015). Social Costs of Iron Deficiency Anemia in 6-59-Month-Old Children in India. PLoS One, 10(8):e0136581. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0136581 rfhha. (n.d.). /NATIONAL_NUTRITION_ANEMIA_PROPHYLAXIS_PROGRAMME.pdf. Retrieved from https://www.rfhha.org/: https://www.rfhha.org/images/pdf/national_health/NATIONAL_NUTRITION_ANEMIA_PROPHYLAXIS_PROGRAMME.pdf Shet, A. S., Zwarenstein, M., Mascarenhas, M., Risbud, A., Atkins, S., Klar, N., Galanti, M. R. (2015). The Karnataka Anemia Project 2 design and evaluation of a community-based parental intervention to improve childhood anemia cure rates: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials, 16:599. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4697328/ Shi, L., Zhang, J. (2011). Recent evidence of the effectiveness of educational interventions for improving complementary feeding practices in developing countries. Journal of Tropical Paediatrics, 57(2):91-8. https://academic.oup.com/tropej/article/57/2/91/1646539/Recent-Evidence-of-the-Effectiveness-of WHO. (2011). haemoglobin/en. Retrieved from https://www.who.int: https://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin/en/ Zieli?ska-Dawidziak, M. (2015). Plant FerritinA Source of Iron to Prevent Its Deficiency. Nutrients, 7(2): 11841201. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4344583/ Zijp, I., Korver, O., Tijburg, L. (2000). Effect of tea and other dietary factors on iron absorption. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 40(5):371-98. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408690091189194

Monday, April 6, 2020

Young orphan boy Essay Example

Young orphan boy Essay Great Expectations is an enthralling, complex tale with a surprising twist. It is a rags to riches story for a young orphan boy, whose name is Pip. In the beginning of the novel, Pip the protagonist, has a chance meeting with Magwitch an escaped convict, still in leg irons. Pip is threatened, and shortly returns with food and a file, which pleases Magwitch. Pip has no idea of the significance that this chance meeting will have on the rest of his life. Some time later, Pip meets the wealthy, eccentric Miss Havisham and her adopted daughter, Estella. Miss Havisham is a deeply troubled individual. On her wedding day her groom fails to turn up and the wedding is cancelled. This has lead to Miss Havishams vendetta against all men, and she uses the beautiful Estella as the main tool in this quest. Despite Estellas spitefulness, Pip immediately falls in love with her. Pip learns that he has a mystery benefactor, which he assumes is Miss Havisham. With his new found wealth, Pip decides to go to London to pursue to life of a gentleman. Pip disowns and is embarrassed by his past. Many years later Magwitch appears on the scene and announces that he is the secret benefactor, which leaves Pip in a state of shock. We will write a custom essay sample on Young orphan boy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Young orphan boy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Young orphan boy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Pip eventually reacquaints himself with his past and befriends Estella. Pip has learnt during his life that money is not everything and happiness is more important. In Great Expectations there are many themes the most important of which is power. For example, Miss Havisham seeks total power over men. Another major theme is friendships. The manner of friendships is explored and how they can change over time. Finally ambition and self improvement is a potent theme. Pip seeks to gain an education and is not satisfied in being a blacksmiths apprentice. The wealthy, barely sane Miss Havisham lives in a decaying mansion called Satis House. Firstly, Dickens describes her appearance as being withered along with her bridal dress. He also says that she looks like a waxwork and a skeleton crossed together which seems inhuman to Pip, as a young boy. Furthermore Dickens says the dress had been put on it a rounded young figure of a young woman, and that figure of which it now hung loose We can learn from these descriptions that Miss Havisham no longer cares about her figure after being jilted on the day of her wedding, as she still sits in her wedding dress. Another way Dickens represents Miss Havisham is by showing her actions. He says that she sits there each and every day corpse like. Miss Havisham also orders Pip around, for example she says Play, play, play! This would make Pip intimidated as he is just a young boy, this would also make the reader dislike Miss Havisham. Additionally, Dickens uses her interactions with others to describe her. Firstly she talks to Pip as though he is not in the room, for example she says to Estella Well! You can break his heart. This implies she wants to hurt Pip and she does not care about his feelings. Miss Havisham is a very demanding person. For example she says to Pip I have a sick fancy that I want to see some play. There, there! This implies that she has nothing good to do with her life and is extremely bored. Miss Havisham also fells sorry for herself. When she touches her heart she says Broken! Dickens writes that she says it in a boasting tone of voice which again implies that she wants the listener to feel sorry for her. After reading chapter 8 nobody will feel any sympathy towards Miss Havisham. She treats Pip with disdain when he has done nothing wrong. Miss Havisham presents herself as a disturbing character because of her clothes, speech and general rude behaviour. Miss Havisham comes across as an arrogant person. This shows through her hatred of men, and the way in which she has moulded Estella into her way of thinking. As the story progresses we come to understand just why she is so obsessed with destroying mens lives. Dickens reveals that Miss Havishsams mother died at an early age, which immediately set her on the wrong path in life. The first experience of a man betraying her came when her father secretly marries his cook. Miss Havisham is completely oblivious to this, it is only when his new wife dies that Miss Havisham is informed. Worse still that she also has a secret half brother. In Victorian times all of these matters would have been seen as unacceptable. Indeed, Mr Havisham being a wealthy, powerful businessman should not be seen marrying a mere cook. But what was to happen next to Miss Havisham would be far more damaging. In time Miss Havisham falls in love with a less than kindly gentleman. In fact it is said that she idolised him. He insists on taking over all of Miss Havishams business interests. Little does she know that her fianci e and her estranged half brother have been plotting together to ruin Miss Havisham. It is at twenty minutes to nine on her wedding day that Miss Havisham discovers her fianci e is an evil trickster and that the wedding is off. Victorian women were expected to be hard working around the house and to have and respect a husband. Women were also expected to have children. Additionally, Victorian women would not have been expected to have control over business affairs. So it seems that on all these issues Miss Havisham has failed. She has been jilted on her wedding day, has no child but an adopted daughter, and has handed over her business affairs to her swindling fianci e. It is in chapter 22 that Dickens changes our view of Miss Havisham. Our feelings towards Miss Havisham do change somewhat. It is apparent that Miss Havisham is a victim of an evil plot where two men have betrayed her. This has been the trigger that has started her vendetta against all men. When Estella returns from London in Chapter 38, Dickens shows a different side to a usually in control Miss Havisham. When Miss Havisham is arguing with Estella, she shows characteristics of how Pip was feeling in Chapter 8, such as being helpless. Miss Havisham is now speaking in a desperate manner as she knows she is losing the power she once had in her self contained world. This shows when she turns to Pip for support and says Did I ever give her love! This also shows that she needs Pip where before she just needed him to tease. This is an example of her losing control over Estella. Furthermore Miss Havisham now interacts with others differently. For example, when she is talking with Estella, Dickens adds exclamation marks to emphasise the more desparate nature of her speech. This is in contrast to Chapter 8 where she is in complete control. Now it seems she is stressed, as she knows that she is losing Estella which is worrying her deeply. In Chapter 38, the reader may start to sympathise with Miss Havishams plight, as she is losing the only thing that she lives for, Estella. Miss Havisham is now seen as being pathetic as Dickens says She hung upon Estellas beauty, hung upon her words, hung up on her gestures This shows that she is obsessed by her and is afraid of her walking out of her already dismal life. Therefore the reader has sympathy for Miss Havisham very much in contrast to Chapter 8 Is Miss Havisham a victim of her own bitterness and anger? I do believe that Miss Havishams response to her life problems is ridiculous and out of all proportion. One should remember that she had a wealthy and privileged up bringing. However the dreadful experiences she has had have been truly harrowing. Towards the end of the novel Dickens does wish the reader to sympathise with Miss Havisham. My belief is that Miss Havisham has led a misguided and wasted life.

Sunday, March 8, 2020

The Judicial System essays

The Judicial System essays The writers of the US Constitution were determined to separate the powers of the federal government in to three branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. The prime function of the judicial branch is to interpret the law in such a way that rules made in the past can be applied reasonably in the present. This function gives the courts a role in policymaking. The Constitution establishes the Supreme Court of the United States and grants Congress the authority to establish lower federal courts. The United States has two different courts systems-the federal courts and the state courts. Federal courts make judgments in cases having to do with the U.S. Constitution or other federal law. They hear cases in which the U.S. is suing or prosecuting someone. They handle disputes between citizens of two different states and disputes involving foreign countries and U.S. citizens. Crimes that happen on ships at sea are called admiralty cases and are also held in federal court. Federal courts are set up on three levels. The lowest federal courts are the district courts, where most federal cases are heard first. The United States has 90 district courts. The Court of Appeals is the next highest in the federal court system. The Court of Appeals is divided into 11 circuits that cover all the states, territories, and possessions of the U.S. Defendants who are not satisfied with the decision of a district court can appeal to the court. The highest federal court is the Supreme Court. It consists of eight associate justices and one chief justice, appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate. Justices are appointed for life and their salaries cannot be lowered while they serve. These rules were established so that justices would be free from political pressures that might influence their decision. The court has two kinds of jurisdiction. In cases affecting ambassadors and other public ministers and in cases in which a state is one ...

Friday, February 21, 2020

HomeLand Security Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HomeLand Security Strategies - Research Paper Example This reaffirms that America is committed to pursue its interests by the use of an international system where all countries have specific rights and responsibilities. The paper will discuss the homeland security strategies focused on the safety and security of the citizens of America. This is attributed to the fact that there have been enormous threats to American citizens than weapons of mass destruction, especially the danger posed by the pursuit of nuclear weapons by violent extremists and their proliferation to neighboring states. As noted by Reddick (2010) the National Security Strategy which was released in May, 27 2010 rolled out a strategic approach for the advancing American interests including the security of the American citizens, improving American economy, and supports their values, as well as an international order that tackles the challenges of the 21st century. The strategies include: Defeating terrorism globally After the September 9/11, terrorism attacks the United S tates has made significant steps in ensuring the safety of the nation. It formed the foundation of Department of Homeland Security (DHS), whose functions took a new organization and urgency. Their approaches now included: restricting hostile actors the capability to operate within the American borders; shared efforts to determine and interdict threats; maintaining effective control of our physical borders; ensuring national resilience in the face of the hazards and threats; safeguarding lawful trade and travel into and out of United States of America. The DHS and many of its partners locally, regionally, and internationally as well as the communities have strengthened the homeland security enterprise to mitigate and defend against dynamic threats. Their core strategic objectives include: comprehending the threat, deterring and disrupting operations, protecting against terrorist capabilities, stopping the spread of violent extremism, and increasing community participation in order to deter terrorists and alleviate radicalization towards violence. According to DHS (2012) it reported that its efforts to prevent terrorism are centered on a layered risk-based approach to the security in the cargo and passenger systems of transportation, borders, and ports of entry.Ã‚ It consists of new technologies to: help detect explosives and other dangerous weapons; aid in the protection of critical infrastructure and cyber networks from attack; build partnerships in information sharing. According to Guiora (2011) found out that DHS works in corporation with many partners in countering violent extremists. These extremists cause a great threat to national security. The DHS has initiated the following programs to counter violent extremists: international partnerships with other countries like Canada, Spain, Belgium, and Germany; conducting joint workshops and conferences of law enforcement agents; and provision of grants to the support of law enforcement efforts. Terrorist acti vities that may occur due to explosives are cut out by DHSÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s work through enhancing the counter-IED capabilities of the nation and reduce the threat of explosive attack. Moreover, terrorist activities are prevented through: building of the homeland security enterprise which has fusion centers, nationwide suspicion activity reporting initiative, presence of homeland security

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Project Management Module Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management Module Coursework - Essay Example The cost information that would be necessary would be in terms of the length of the project, the total costs of the project, the efforts of the staff that is Person: Days Ratio. The cost information could be obtained from the use of the standards and measurements sections. We can ensure that costs are in line with the estimates by making frequent comparisons with the actual costs with the estimates. The aspects of standard costing could also be established with respects to costs, recoveries and efficiency studies. Question 1C: The choice for selection of project manager is being considered, In this connection, it is necessary to appoint a person with IT background, since it is nowadays, a crucial aspect of project management, and IT is very much necessary for application in industry situations. Moreover, it is also seen that effective business solutions, especially in the areas of Project Management, is inextricably linked with IT, Question 1D: The Baseline metrics could be seen in terms of Development productivity, unit costs and lapsed time/unit. .In terms of development productivity, it measures one unit of effort could result in how many products. The unit costs could measure the amount of cost needed to produce one unit of product. The lapsed time per unit would be in terms of the time taken to produce one unit. Question 2: A: The activity on arrow is a simple and easily understandable diagram which is also amenable to corrections. Even a non-technical person could follow these diagrams and understand the path of the network. It is also seen that the major achievements are easily marked and even in cases where there are multiple relationships between processes, the AoA diagrammatic representation is easier to understand. Question 2 B: A dummy activity is one which is representative of a dependency but which has no time allotment, that means it could be carried simultaneously with another activity and therefore has 0 duration. The

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Sterilization And Aseptic Technique Biology Essay

Sterilization And Aseptic Technique Biology Essay This experiment was done to learn proper way of using aseptic technique and sterilization by isolating pure culture of bacterial. Afterwards, the bacterial cells in a sample and their optical density were determined. First of all, various sterilization methods were introduced. Sterilization is important in a sense that it ensures there is absolutely no contamination in the glassware or apparatus used in the lab. Different sterilization methods are used for different materials. One of them is autoclaving. Autoclaving machine uses high-pressure steam to sterilize and therefore, heat resistant plastics, glass or solutions can be sterilized by autoclaving. As the temperature of the steam is above 100 oC, the organisms cannot survive. Second sterilization method is radiation. As heat sensitive plastics does not have resistance to heat, autoclaving cannot be used and these are often sterilized by using radiation such as UV, gamma-ray or X-ray. The last method is filter sterilization. Some solutions are heat labile, and to sterilize these kind of solutions, filter sterilization can be used. This technique uses the fact that microorganism is around 5micrometer by 1micrometer, and if the filter has a smal ler diameter, microorganisms cannot pass through the filter.(1) In part B, aseptic technique is learned. This technique prevents any kind of contamination while handling the glassware or transferring. To be more specific, it prevents any contaminant to be introduced in the area of interest. The first step of this technique involves wiping the lab bench with 70% ethanol, which would kill most microorganisms. Then, Bunsen burner is turned on, and the movement of the air goes upwards. Therefore, it minimizes the chance of microorganisms landing on the media of interest. In addition, briefly heating glass tube mouths and minimizing the time of opening lids minimizes contamination.(1) Using aseptic technique, streaking technique was used to isolate single colonies. To do this, a pure culture of the target microorganism is taken. Then, with an inocular loop, which is flamed with Bunsen burner until red hot, it cooled down. Afterwards, take a bit of pure culture with the loop and streak lines in the medium. The streaking lines should not cross each other to avoid too much diluting. After streaking, colonies are grown. To count the number of cells, viable cell count method is used. Viable count is only useable with singles colonies and not bacterial lawns. Therefore, in order for cell to have single colonies, appropriate dilution of the bacteria is necessary. The dilution helps for spreading of the cells on the agar. For this, serial dilution, which was introduced last project can be useful. Then, the number of viable cells can be obtained by counting the number of colonies that have developed multiplied by the respective dilution factor. (2) Material and Methods: All procedures are performed according to the BIOL 368 lab manual (Concordia Biology Department 2013) except for the following modifications: for the contamination part, we used shoe, finger, E. coli, and E. coli with 70% ethanol. Results: Colony isolation by streaking First of all, the color of the bacteria in all the plates are thick beige colored. In streak 1, extremely small and many colonies were observed. The size of the colonies were very small, they were circular, opaque and smooth. There are 123 colonies. Streak 2 shows chain of bacterial formation, but the number of the colonies is decreased from streak 1. The number of colonies were 60. They were larger than the colonies in streak 1, opaque, circular and smooth as well. In streak 3, single colonies are observed. None of them was huge, but they were larger than the colonies from streak 2. They were opaque, circular and smooth as well. About 9 colonies were observed. In the 4th streak, no single colony was observed. As a result, single colonies of a pure E. coli strain was successfully isolated. Viable count Table 1. Raw data of viable count of my group. Dilution 10-4 10-5 10-6 Number of colony Too many Too many 252 Viable count (cfu/ml) 2.52 x 109 Sample calculation: Viable count at 10-6 dilution: Since the plate, -6, has 252 colonies which is in the range of 100-300, I picked the plate to calculate cfu/ml. 252 x 10/10-6 =2.52 x 102 x 107 =2.52 x 109 cfu/ml Table 2. Raw data for viable count for all section Dilutions Colony count Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 Group 9 Group 10 Section 1 10-4 lawn lawn lawn lawn lawn lawn lawn Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ lawn lawn 10-5 360 lawn 1848 lawn 1028 2168 696 Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ 3040 1646 10-6 78 287 441 270 234 347 363 Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ 300 306 Section 2 10-4 920 >300 Lawn Lawn Lawn >300 >300 Lawn Lawn Lawn 10-5 249 >300 590 >300 Lawn >300 >300 406 >300 189 10-6 23 231 189 269 384 222 265 154 180 108 Section 3 10-4 too many >1000 too many too many too many too many too many too many too many too many 10-5 too many >1000 too many too many too many too many too many too many 544 too many 10-6 194 420 258 252 295 217 240 197 79 224 Table 3. Viable count for all section data (for 10-6 dilution) Section Group Number of colonies Cfu/ml 01 1 78 7.8.E+08 2 287 2.87.E+09 3 441 4.41 E+09 4 270 2.70 E+09 5 234 2.34.E+09 6 347 3.47E+09 7 363 3.63E+09 8 9 300 3.00E+09 10 306 3.06E+09 Max 441 4.41E+09 Min 78 7.8 E+08 Average 291.8 2.92 E+09 Standard Dev. 94.40 2.67E+08 02 1 23 2.3.E+08 2 231 2.31.E+09 3 189 1.89.E+09 4 269 2.69.E+09 5 384 3.84.E+09 6 222 2.22.E+09 7 265 2.65.E+09 8 154 1.54.E+09 9 180 1.80.E+09 10 108 1.08.E+09 Max 384 3.84.E+09 Min 23 2.3.E+08 Average 202.5 2.02.E+09 Standard dev. 93.09 9.31E+08 03 1 194 1.94.E+09 2 420 4.20.E+09 3 258 2.58.E+09 4 252 2.52.E+09 5 295 2.95.E+09 6 217 2.17.E+09 7 240 2.40.E+09 8 197 1.97.E+09 9 79 7.9.E+08 10 224 2.24.E+09 Max 420 4.20.E+09 Min 79 7.9.E+08 Average 237.6 2.38.E+09 Standard Dev. 81.55 8.16.E+08 Max 441 4.41.E+09 Min 23 2.3.E+08 Average 242.3 2.42.E+09 Standard Deviation 96.75 1.15E+09 Sample calculation for STD DEV. (section 1):= 94.40 Bacterial cell count by optical density Table 4. Cell density for My Group: OD600 of diluted cultures (Au) E. Coli Count of diluted Culture (cells/ml) Original Culture (cells/ml) Me 0.427 2.18108 2.18109 Partner 0.436 2.14108 2.14109 E. Coli Count of diluted Culture: 0.202 x (5x 108) = 1.01108 Original Culture: 1.01108 x 10 = 1.01109 Table 5. Raw OD600 values for all sections (unit: Au) Group Section 1 (1) Section 1 (2) Section 2 (1) Section 2(2) Section 3(1) Section 3 (2) 1 0.389 0.383 0.359 0.371 0.358 0.365 2 0.368 0.369 0.247 0.447 0.345 0.408 3 0.364 0.343 0.344 0.360 0.323 0.335 4 0.374 0.374 0.390 0.338 0.427 0.436 5 0.415 0.430 0.386 0.368 0.320 0.247 6 0.359 0.357 0.302 0.350 0.379 0.352 7 0.347 0.372 0.354 0.369 0.391 0.364 8 0.362 0.361 0.358 0.328 9 0.370 0.35 1.018 0.350 0.341 10 0.737 0.367 0.368 0.353 0.413 0.322 (>1.96 therefore outlier) Table 6. Diluted Cell Density for all sections (unit: cells/ml) Group Section 1 (1) Section 1 (2) Section 2 (1) Section 2(2) Section 3(1) Section 3 (2) 1 1.95E+08 1.92E+08 1.80E+08 1.51E+08 1.79E+08 1.90E+08 2 1.84E+08 1.85E+08 1.86E+08 1.75E+08 1.83E+08 1.76E+08 3 1.82E+08 1.72E+08 1.24E+08 1.77E+08 1.73E+08 1.96E+08 4 1.87E+08 1.87E+08 2.24E+08 1.85E+08 2.04E+08 1.82E+08 5 2.08E+08 2.15E+08 1.72E+08 1.81E+08 1.62E+08 1.79E+08 6 1.80E+08 1.79E+08 1.80E+08 1.81E+08 1.68E+08 1.64E+08 7 1.74E+08 1.86E+08 1.95E+08 1.75E+08 2.14E+08 1.75E+08 8 1.69E+08 5.09E+08 2.18E+08 1.71E+08 9 1.85E+08 1.93E+08 1.84E+08 1.60E+08 2.07E+08 10 1.87E+08 1.84E+08 1.84E+08 1.77E+08 1.24E+08 1.61E+08 Average 1.87E+08 1.95E+08 1.79E+08 Min 1.72E+08 1.24E+08 1.24E+08 Max 2.15E+08 5.09E+08 2.18E+08 Standard Deviation 1.05E+07 7.43E+07 2.13E+07 Sample calculation: Section 1 group1 student 1: Cell Density = 0.389 x (5x 10^8) = 1.95 x107 Section 1 Average: Average = ((1.95+1.84+1.82+1.87+2.08+1.80+1.74+1.85+1.87+1.92+1.85+1.72+1.87+2.15+1.79+1.86+1.84) x 108)/ 17 = 1.87 x108 Table 7. Diluted Cell Density for all sections, class analysis Class (cells/ml) Average 1.87E+08 Minimum 1.24E+08 Maximum 5.09E+08 Standard Deviation 4.66E+07 Part III. The ubiquity of microorganisms Table 8. The ubiquity of microorganisms Place Observation on TSA plate Observation on Malt Shoe Irregular orange, red, beige opaque Some are large, some are small Some are smooth some are cracked 10colonies None Dirty finger White and yellow all small colonies (4) opaque None E.coli Few circular, smooth, flat, beige colonies (lawn) None E.coli with 70% ethanol None None Discussion: The objective of the experiment is to learn aseptic technique, sterilization, and streaking. Part A involved isolating single colonies by streaking, part B involved viable cell count, part C involved bacterial cell count by optical density and lastly part D involved ubiquity of microorganisms. In part A, a pure E. Coli sample was used to form single colonies by streaking. Four streaks were done in different parts of the plate. As described in the results, 1st streak results in forming smallest and very crowded colonies (123 colonies). The space between the colonies were either very small or even adjacent to each other. The 2nd streak forms a larger and less crowded or less population of colonies (60 colonies). Colonies were found to be further apart from streak 1, but they were adjacent to other colonies, so single colonies were not observed. In the 3rd streak finally, isolated single colonies were observed. This is due to the dilution. As in the streak 1, we have least diluted E. Coli pure sample. Therefore, streak 1 has the biggest cell density, where more colonies would grow. In the streak 2, we streak through the streak 1 once, and so, it is diluted. Then, in the third streak as well, it is even more diluted. This is why we have lesser and lesser colonies in the 2nd an d 3rd colonies. Colonies all seem to have same opaque shape with beige color, but they differ in sizes. 1st streak ones have the smallest and 3rd streak ones have the largest. This is due to the fact that as the number of the colonies are bigger and crowded, there are less space to grow, so it tends to be smaller where as in 3rd streak, isolated colonies have more space where they can grow bigger. In part B, viable count was used to estimate the number of bacterial cells in the sample. Firstly, we prepared 4-fold, 5-fold and 6-fold diluted solutions of E. Coli and they were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius. As we can see in the table 2, 4-fold dilution and 5-folded dilution are too concentrated that bacterial lawn is observed where we cannot apply viable count: they have small viable count to work with and would result in high uncertainty (1). 6-folded dilution appears to be fine to apply viable count and therefore, we used 6-folded dilution to analyze. Looking at the all section data, most of them have the viable counts ranged between 30 and 300. In addition, the average viable count of our section is very close to the class average: 2.38 x 109 to 2.42 x 109 cfu/ml. Also, my group value is very close to the class average as well: 2.52 x 109 cfu/ml. This means that our result is pretty accurate compared to the class result. Speaking of the minimum and the maximum value, there i s a high chance that the errors come from these as these values are furthest from the average. Section 1 has the maximum value which is 4.41 x 109 cfu/ml and section 2 has the minimum value which is 2.3 x 108 cfu/ml. The minimum value seem to be okay but maximum value seem to lie over 300 colonies, and therefore, the biggest error comes from that value. However, none of these biggest error comes from our section, and therefore, we can say that our section value has the least error. Part C was done to take cell density by optical density. CAG12033 was taken and was diluted with LB broth. When analyzing, the group 9 student2s value was 1.018, which appeared to be as an outlier. Grubbs test was done, and it was eventually an outlier, so we excluded it from further analysis. Speaking of the cell density, as there are more and more of cell in the solution, the density increases. As well, the result shows that as absorbance increases, the cell density increases. Comparing the class average to our section average, it is fairly close: 1.79x 108 and 1.87 x 108cells/ml. However, we have the class minimum value which is 1.24 x 108 cells/ml so we have one of the largest errors. But this is not very far from the average value, which is 1.87 x 108 cells/ml it is not the biggest error. The class maximum value however is very far from the class average value: 5.09108 cells/ml. This value is in the section 2 data. Section 1 has the best result over the class with closest averag e value to the class average having no minimum nor maximum values; 1.87 x 108cells/ml which is the same as class average. Comparing my cell density value to the section value, I had 2.18x109cells/ml, whereas the class average was 1.87 x 108 cells/ml. I have a fairly close value and it can be considered that CAG12033 is diluted fairly correctly. Now comparing viable count method to the cell density measured by spectrophotometer, they can be considered the same. The class average value for the cell density was1.87 x 108 cells/ml and the class average result for the viable count method was 2.42 x 109 cfu/ml. They can be considered the same with the following reasons. First of all, for the optical density method, there is an assumption that there are 5 x 108 cells/ml when the absorbance is 1 Au. This is an assumption and is not an accurate value. Secondly, there are experimental errors such as when diluting, the dilution was not done perfectly, where the error would increase as serial dilution was done in viable count part. As a result, factor of 10 difference is quiet big, but within these assumptions and errors, they can be considered as similar. Part D was done to see what contamination looks like and how it is. TSA and malt medium were used to contaminate. Different samples were taken with a sterilized rod and were streaked different parts of the plates on both TSA and malt. They were then incubated at 37 degrees Celsius if it is from internal body or incubated at 30 degrees otherwise. TSA is usually considered the best under neutral to slightly basic conditions and required high N for bacteria to grow. On the other hand, malt is best under acidic condition and high in C and N. Malt is best for fungi. First of all, the shoe was rubbed, and streaked on both TSA and Malt plates. A week later, all different kinds of bacteria were grown. Various colored and various sizes were observed: orange, red and beige. Some were really huge and flat, some were small, opaque and smooth. 10 colonies were observed. On malt, nothing grew. Due to the fact that nothing grew on malt, the colonies have to be bacteria. Another possibilities is tha t malt plate was put in the 37 degrees Celsius which is inappropriate. In quarter of the plate, dirty finger was used to contaminate. 4 colonies of white and yellow were observed. They were all opaque. Nothing grew on malt. In another part of the plate, we put E. Coli sample. Circular, smooth, flat colonies were observed. There were a lot of colonies (bacterial lawn) grown. Again nothing grew on malt. Lastly, we put E. coli with 70% ethanol. Absolutely nothing grew on both malt and TSA. Overall, nothing grew on malt. It is maybe because there was no fungi, or the plates were incubated in the wrong temperature (37 degrees Celsius instead of 30 degrees Celsius). Also, we can say that 70% ethanol kills most of the bacteria or at least enough to prevent them to grow.

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Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Australian electronic tablet industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Teacher Satisfaction and Student Academic Achievement Essay

Friday, August 21, 2020

One-Sitting Reads from Every Genre Fall into Fall Readathon

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Thursday, May 14, 2020

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Sunday, March 8, 2020

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Friday, February 21, 2020

HomeLand Security Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Project Management Module Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Sterilization And Aseptic Technique Biology Essay

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